Category: digital world

Quantum India: At the Edge of a New Technological Epoch

India’s quantum technology ecosystem is expected to undergo significant change around 2025. There is a noticeable uptick in conversations and advancements on quantum innovation in academic institutes, startup ecosystems, and critical policy domains. Even if artificial intelligence still makes the news, quantum computing and communication are subtly paving the way for a more profound technological shift that may completely alter how India protects its data, models complexity, and constructs infrastructure for the future.

Creative depiction of 'quantum' using wooden letter blocks on a blurred natural background.

The establishment of the National Mission on Quantum Technologies and Applications (NMQTA) in 2020, supported by a ₹8,000 crore budget, set the foundation for this momentum. As we move forward in time, we are starting to see results. This year, Bengaluru-based startup QpiAI unveiled a 25-qubit quantum computer—an achievement that signals

Research in quantum sensing, encryption, and simulation has accelerated at government and academic institutions such as IISER Pune, C-DAC, and IIT Madras. Infrastructure development and experimentation are being accelerated by partnerships with worldwide colleagues. In addition to enhancing India’s technical prowess, these partnerships establish the nation as a legitimate player in the development of international quantum governance and standards.

Elegant black globe and notebook against warm bokeh lights, perfect for educational themes.

Even with the advancements, there is still a long way to go. The lack of qualified quantum professionals is one of the most urgent issues. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of quantum development, knowledge of physics, computer science, engineering, and systems design is required. It will take significant expenditures in curriculum reform, research money, and domestic fellowships that encourage sustained involvement in the subject to build such capacity at scale.

Hardware independence is another important difference. India still relies on imported parts for quantum processors, cryogenic equipment, and specialized chips, even if software algorithms and simulations are being produced domestically. This reliance may limit India’s innovation cycle’s speed and independence. It will be necessary to develop domestic hardware capabilities through public-private cooperation and focused industrial support in order to create a fully robust quantum ecosystem.

India, however, has a clear edge. Our experience developing scalable digital public goods, such as DigiLocker, and UPI, has demonstrated that technology change need not be exclusive or top-down. When used properly, quantum technologies have the potential to improve public services, ranging from critical infrastructure protection and defense encryption to healthcare diagnostics and climate modeling.Equity and ethics must be prioritized, though, just like with any new technology. Quantum systems could lead to the concentration of political, economic, and technological power. We run the risk of reproducing current digital gaps in even more enigmatic and unaccountable ways if we don’t have broad access, open research, and transparent governance.

Abstract green matrix code background with binary style.

More than just celebration is required at this time; strategic patience, policy vision, and group creativity are needed. Quantum is a foundation to carefully lay, not a fad to follow. And 2025, with all of its fervor and focus on quantum, might be regarded as the year India ceased to be a spectator and began to influence the discourse.

As someone who works at the nexus of technology, policy, and community empowerment, I see this change as a chance to innovate, but to do so in a way that is inclusive, ethical, and deliberate. The tale of quantum technology in India is still being written. Let’s make sure it’s a story that everyone can enjoy.

Are you keeping up with India’s progress in tech policy? Leave a comment below, follow me on linkedin or connect with me via email at [email protected]

The VPN Dilemma: Balancing Privacy, Security, and Digital Innovation

Hello, I’m new to the community. I’ve been facing issues connecting to 1.1.1.1 with WARP since yesterday. It was working fine before, but the problem started after my ISP performed some maintenance. I suspect the issue might be related to the ISP. Is there any possible solution for this?When I searched Reddit for answers about why WARP (aka 1.1.1.1) is not working, I found many similar comments, like:
“I believe that ISP has to do something with that because I am getting this issue after ISP maintenance.”

Curiosity led me to search for more articles on Reddit and other platforms, but unfortunately, I found very few, and they contained too little information.

Drawing from my five years of experience working and writing on technological aspects, I delved into understanding the dynamics of blocking services like 1.1.1.1. The reasons often seem to be tied to political and geographical factors, with the most common justification being “national security” and concerns over confidential data.

“I have been using 1.1.1.1 WARP from India, but 1.1.1.1 WARP mode is not working on the Jio network, while the normal private DNS is functioning. Reset network settings: Done. Reboot device: Done. Always-on VPN: Done. Clear cache and storage: Done. Uninstall and reinstall: Done. Reset private keys: Done. Still, WARP mode is not working. What should I do? And what is the reason behind this?”(solution quoted on the community page)
Many more solutions like this have been shared in the community pages, but sadly, nothing works. I am obliged to install another VPN, as I am left with no other option due to the urgency of the work.

Searching for the exact reason behind this, I came across some information that I’m not entirely sure is legitimate but seems relatable—or at least understandable.

One random user explained:
“Basically, the rule in India is that you can operate a VPN as long as you maintain data related to the user, including their name, ID, IP accessing from, and IP accessing to. I think the 1.1.1.1 client actually operated anonymously (because if I remember, you didn’t actually need to log in to use it). iCloud+ Private browsing maintains that information (account-related, etc.) so it should be safe. Similarly, running your own Tailscale cluster and enterprise VPNs are not impacted—for example, Cloudflare for Teams is allowed, and the Cloudflare One Agent app can be downloaded and is still available.”

Another user added:
“Cloudflare stores user data on the Zero Tier corporate plan, which is tied to accounts. The free 1.1.1.1 app did not require an account, hence it was removed. I cannot answer as to why Proton VPN continues to work or has not been removed. I only gave an opinion as to why the free Cloudflare product may have been removed. For what it’s worth, you can set up your own VPN and run it, and as long as you maintain a user login and account history, you can operate a VPN.”

The list of removed VPNs includes other services like Hide.me and PrivadoVPN. Apple, citing a demand from the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre—a division of the Ministry of Home Affairs—stated that these app developers had created software that contravenes Indian law.

On the other hand, several VPN providers have robustly opposed the Indian government’s mandate. When the framework was introduced, prominent developers like NordVPN, ExpressVPN, Surfshark, and ProtonVPN publicly criticized the requirements, with some even indicating plans to remove their server infrastructure from India. For example, Surfshark’s services are no longer purchasable via UPI, a payment method that was available before the rules came into effect. Despite these challenges, NordVPN, ExpressVPN, and Surfshark continue to operate in India, although they have scaled back active promotion of their apps in the country.

The Indian government’s actions against VPN service providers hold even greater significance when considering the country’s position as one of the world’s largest VPN markets, with substantial growth anticipated in the coming years.

In 2023, India’s VPN market generated an impressive $4.166 billion in revenue and is projected to reach $7.681 billion by 2030, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.1% from 2024 to 2030. With an estimated 270 million VPN users in 2021, the market remains dominated by a limited number of providers, including Surfshark, NordVPN, ExpressVPN, PureVPN, IPVanish, and others. Despite regulatory challenges, these players continue to cater to a substantial user base in India.

The restriction on VPN services is not unique to a major country like India; several other nations are also engaging in this “banning game” under the guise of national security and data regulations. Countries such as China, Russia, Germany, and Italy have also implemented measures to control or restrict VPN usage, citing similar justifications of safeguarding national interests and ensuring compliance with local laws.

I referenced the community pages solution and inquiries because I haven’t found any direct comment or official report from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India, regarding the banning of these regulations. This raises the question: while policymakers, law experts, diplomats, and technocrats may have discussed these bans, similar to the DPDP, why are such policies put out for public comment even after being enforced?

Close-up view of a mouse cursor over digital security text on display.

Why is everything being imposed in the name of national security? The challenge is that, while we advocate for encryption and data privacy, we also ask for data storage, suggesting that privacy might, in fact, be a myth. Our devices, always with us, listen even when not in use, reinforcing this paradox.

It’s a social dilemma of the Internet age. On one hand, we promote privacy and encryption, while on the other, innovators are developing AI systems that collect all our information. I’m not arguing that imposing regulations on the majority is wrong, but is there a way to balance technology, innovation, and regulation? This is simply a thought from a technical writer’s perspective.

You are under surveillance!

You search for a pair of shoes on a search engine, and suddenly, every ad you see is about shoes. You browse a housing site, and before you know it, your phone is buzzing with calls and messages about properties. You search for a nearby restaurant or explore a business idea, and bam! Your screen is overflowing with ads instead of the information you actually wanted. It feels like a hidden camera is always watching, anticipating your every move, doesn’t it? It’s like having a personal assistant—except you never asked for one! And this assistant? It’s so efficient, it even seems to work ahead of your own thoughts. Welcome to the digital world!

This type of constant surveillance is what we call surveillance capitalism. Big tech companies—let’s say the big four—use this model to turn your data into a resource, treating your searches and interests as their products. Whether you’re intentionally seeking information or just satisfying a passing curiosity, the moment you enter your data, it’s no longer just yours. Even if a website says it’s “encrypted,” that data is fuelling the encryption of their own massive datasets, which they use to craft algorithms that steer your next online experience. Search for anything, and in the background, those algorithms are quietly deciding what to show you next.

It’s not just that you’re searching the web—the web is also searching YOU. And while it may seem convenient to have such personalized suggestions, it’s important to realize that this is really about influence. These companies aren’t just catering to your needs; they’re shaping what you’ll do next.

Surveillance capitalism refers to the practice of monetizing data collected by tracking people’s online and real-world behaviors. This type of consumer surveillance is primarily used to tailor marketing and advertising strategies. The term **surveillance capitalism** was first introduced by John Bellamy Foster and Robert W. McChesney in a July 2014 article in *Monthly Review*, a socialist magazine based in New York. Their original concept centered on the U.S. military’s surveillance of citizens.

The term surveillance capitalism is more closely associated with the economic theory proposed by Harvard Business School Professor Emerita Shoshana Zuboff in September 2014. It describes the large-scale monetization of individuals’ raw personal data, used to predict and influence their behavior. Surveillance capitalism operates through steps like data collection, prediction, and the creation of behavioral markets. While it’s not tied to any specific tech or business process, it represents a business philosophy driving the massive data economy. Most people don’t realize the extent of this data collection until their privacy is breached, revealing that their confidential information has been commercialized and turned into profits—often to the tune of billions—by other companies.

There are no serious proposals for regulating the data collecting abilities of technology companies. However, Google did pay a large data privacy settlement in November 2022.

In her book, Zuboff predicted that data collection will continue to grow as it becomes increasingly central to the market and as technology becomes more embedded in daily life. She highlighted the rising use of IoT devices, like fitness trackers, which provide new opportunities for sharing user data with marketers and advertisers. Zuboff also referenced a 2016 Microsoft patent for software designed to detect users’ mental states. She warned that this type of technology could lead to a new level of privacy violations, as it would activate sensors to capture voice, speech, videos, images, and movement.

The question now is, can we regain control over our data in this system that’s so deeply ingrained in our digital lives? Or is this just the new normal? It’s something worth thinking about as we continue to navigate this always-connected world.